The future tactical ocean environment will be increasingly complicated. In addition to traditional communication links there will be a proliferation of unmanned vehicles in space, in the air, on the surface, and underwater. Above the air/water interface wireless radio frequency communications will continue to provide the majority of communication channels.Underwater, where radio waves do not propagate, acoustic methods will continue to be used.However, while there have been substantial advances in acoustic underwater communications, acoustics will be hard pressed to provide sufficient bandwidth to multiple platforms at the same time. Acoustic methods will also continue to have difficulty penetrating the water/air interface. This suggests that high bandwidth, short range underwater optical communications have high potential to augment acoustic communication methods.
The variations in the optical properties of ocean water lead to interesting problems when considering the feasibility and reliability of underwater optical links. Radio waves do not propagate underwater, however with the proliferation of unmanned autonomous vehicles the need to communicate large amounts of data is quickly increasing. Making physical connections underwater to transfer data is often impractical operationally or technically hard to do. Traditionally most underwater communication systems have been acoustic and relatively low bandwidth. However, the development of high brightness blue/green LED sources, and laser diodes suggest that high speed optical links can be viable for short range applications. Underwater systems also have severe power, and size constraints compared to land or air
based systems. Underwater vehicles also encounter a wide range of optical environments. In shallow water the effects of absorption by organic matter and scattering by inorganic particulates can be severe compared to deep ocean water.
The variations in the optical properties of ocean water lead to interesting problems when considering the feasibility and reliability of underwater optical links. Radio waves do not propagate underwater, however with the proliferation of unmanned autonomous vehicles the need to communicate large amounts of data is quickly increasing. Making physical connections underwater to transfer data is often impractical operationally or technically hard to do. Traditionally most underwater communication systems have been acoustic and relatively low bandwidth. However, the development of high brightness blue/green LED sources, and laser diodes suggest that high speed optical links can be viable for short range applications. Underwater systems also have severe power, and size constraints compared to land or air
based systems. Underwater vehicles also encounter a wide range of optical environments. In shallow water the effects of absorption by organic matter and scattering by inorganic particulates can be severe compared to deep ocean water.
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